Hvordan virker protein i kroppen? (del 2)
Hvordan bruges protein i kroppen?
I 1 del omkring proteiner blev du klogere på, hvor du finder dem henne i din kost og ligeledes, hvad der afgør kvaliteten på de enkelte proteiner.
I dag skal du så lære, hvorfor proteiner er vigtige, hvordan de bruges i kroppen og hvad deres funktion er.
Protein kan ses som kroppens byggesten. Aminosyrerne, som jeg nævnte i del 1 danner grundlag for at danne b.la. DNA.
DNA er en unik sammensætning af proteiner. DNA udgør alle vores celler, samt er med til at afgøre deres forskellige funktioner
Hvorfor er de vigtige?
Foruden DNA, så er protein også en vigtig brik i den generelle funktion af vores krop.
Proteiner har en række forskellige funktioner og indgår b.la. i din krops evne til at transportere, regulere, fordøje, opbygge og bevæge sig.
Transport af ilt rundt i kroppen
Protein medvirker til at transportere ilt rundt i din krop, da det indgår som en del af molekylet hæmoglobin.
Hæmoglobin er vores røde blodlegemer.
Uden tilstrækkelige mængder af hæmoglobin, er vi ikke i stand til at transportere tilstrækkeligt med ilt ud til vores celler og man vil derfor opleve træthed.
Regulerende effekter
En anden vigtig funktion af protein er også dets rolle i nogle af vores regulerende hormoner.
Insulin og glukagon består b.la. af protein og sikrer, at kroppen selv er i stand til at regulere blodsukkeret.
Insulin hjælper glukose til at komme i vores celler, når vores blodsukker stiger (når du lige har spist fx).
Glukagon har den modsatte effekt, da det aktiveres, når du er fastende eller det er længe siden, at du har spist. Så dvs., når dit blodsukker falder.
Glukagon stimulerer til, at der dannes eller frigives glukose udfra kroppens forskellige lagre.
Foruden glukagon kan stimulere til, at kroppen begynder at frigive glukose fra sine lagre, så kan det også sætte gang i en proces, som kaldes for glukoneogenese.
Glukoneogenese er en proces, hvor kroppen begynder at nedbryde protein eller fedt for at danne det til glukose – så blodsukkeret kan stige.
Protein hjælper også din fordøjelse
Rent fordøjelsesmæssigt, så består vores fordøjelsesenzymer af protein.
Fordøjelsesenzymer er ansvarlige for at gradvidst at nedbryde vores mad til mindre molekyler, således vores tarmsystem kan absorbere det, som vi spiser.
Dette er vigtigt, fordi hvis ikke du kan nedbryde din mad, så kan du heller ikke absorbere den – også kommer kroppen til at mangle næring.
Fx, så nedbrydes stivelse fra korn-produkter af enzymet amylase.
Amylase frigives i tyndtarmen og medvirker til at bryde de mange bindinger i stivelsen, hvilket gør, at du kan optage næringen derfra.
Proteins effekt på din muskelmasse og bevægelse
Dertil, så er det rent alment kendt efterhånden, at protein også er med til at sikre genopbygningen (eller dannelse af ny) muskelmasse.
Dette sker gennem muskelproteinsyntesen, hvor du gennem fysisk aktivitet nedbryder din muskelmasse, hvoraf kroppen så kan fortælle sig selv, at der skal genopbygges eller dannes ny muskelmasse (afhængig af kalorieoverskud osv.).
Kort sagt, så er det der faktisk sker, at kroppen danner nyt DNA, hvilket i denne situation så er målrettet i forhold til at erstatte dine muskelceller.
Læs mere om, hvorfor du bør styrketræne hér.
Men for at kunne bruge dine muskler ved fysiskaktivitet, så skal du også kunne trække dem sammen.
Dette sker i et samarbejde mellem to proteiner. Disse kaldes for myosin og aktin. De er indeni dine enkelte muskelfibre og sikre, at du rent faktisk kan bevæge dig.
Følg med i del 3, hvor jeg kommer med mine anbefalinger til, hvor meget protein du bør spise for at opnå maksimal effekt.
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